Skup Zajednički temelji 2017. koncipiran je tako da sudionici prezentiraju svoja istraživanja pred kolegama, a da se njihovi radovi objave u zborniku radova. Uz prezentacije radova, koje su centralni dio skupa, organizirani su i prateći događaji: pozvana predavanja, okrugli stol na temu mobilnosti za vrijeme doktorskih studija, obilazak laboratorija fakulteta i razgledavanje Zagreba. Važno je napomenuti da na skupu od samih početaka osim mladih znanstvenika s fakulteta članova udruge kao pozvani gosti sudjeluju i kolege istraživači sa srodnih fakulteta i tvrtki iz Hrvatske, Irske, Makedonije, SAD-a, Slovenije i Srbije. Javna prezentacija i diskusija pružaju mladim znanstvenicima dodatne smjernice za odabir odgovarajuće metodologije za provedbu istraživanja. Na temelju međunarodnih iskustava sudionika koji su studirali ili provodili istraživanja na nekom od inozemnih sveučilišta izgrađena je ideja za organiziranje okrugloga stola na temu mobilnosti za vrijeme doktorskih studija, koja je zanimljiva i korisna mladim znanstvenicima kako bi prepoznali i usvojili primjere dobre prakse s ostalih sveučilišta. Posebno nas veseli veliki odziv mladih znanstvenika koji su odlučili aktivno sudjelovati na skupu pripremivši rad na temu vlastitog istraživanja. Za skup Zajednički temelji 2017. recenzirana su i u zborniku objavljena 33 rada. Važno je istaknuti da su na ovogodišnjem skupu po prvi puta objavljeni cjeloviti radovi. Također, svi su radovi prošli sustav recenzija koje su proveli mladi doktori znanosti, djelatnici fakulteta okupljenih u Udrugu. Na taj su se način sudionici, neki možda i po prvi put, susreli sa sustavom recenzije radova kakvu mogu očekivati prilikom objavljivanja radova na međunarodnim skupovima i u znanstvenim časopisima. Recenzija je dakako rezultirala i većom kvalitetom sadržaja radova. Osim postupka recenzije radova, svakom je radu u zborniku, također po prvi put na skupu Zajednički temelji, dodijeljen i DOI (eng. Digital Object Identifier) broj koji jednoznačno identificira publikaciju i objavljeni rad te jamči postojanu internetsku lokaciju na kojoj se rad nalazi, njegovu dostupnost i pretraživost u svakom trenutku te točnost metapodataka. Svaki rad ima dvojezični naslov, sažetak i ključne riječi, što će se, vjerujemo, pozitivno odraziti na povećanje vidljivosti predstavljenih istraživanja mladih znanstvenika. Zbornik radova Zajednički temelji 2017. obuhvaća radove iz širokoga područja građevinarstva i srodnih struka koji su svrstani u poglavlja: Upravljanje projektima i zakonska regulativa ; Prometnice ; Hidrotehnika ; Primijenjena matematika ; Materijali ; Betonske i zidane konstrukcije ; Geotehnika ; Čelične konstrukcije ; Potresno inženjerstvo ; Arhitektura ; Mobilnost za vrijeme doktorskih studija.

An accumulating body of evidence indicates that natural plant populations harbour a large diversity of transposable elements (TEs). TEs, which are especially mobilized under genomic and/or environmental stress, provide genetic and epigenetic variation that can substantially translate into a diversity of plant phenotypes within populations. However, it remains unclear what the potential ecological effects of diversity in TEs within an otherwise genetically uniform population are in terms of phenotypic diversity's effects on coexistence and ecosystem functioning. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a proof-of-concept model, we assembled populations from individuals differing in the number and positions of ONSEN retrotransposon and tested whether the increasing diversity created by the ONSEN retrotransposon increased the phenotypic diversity of populations and enhanced their functioning under different environmental conditions. We demonstrate that TE-generated variation creates differentiation in ecologically important traits connected to different axes of the plant ‘economics’ spectrum. In particular, we show that Arabidopsis populations with increasing diversity of individuals differing in the ONSEN retrotransposon had higher phenotypic and functional diversity in resource use-related traits. Such increased diversity enhanced population productivity and reduced the performance of interspecific competitors. Synthesis. We conclude that TE-generated phenotypic and functional diversity can have similar effects on ecosystems as are usually documented for other biological diversity effects. The results of our experiment open up new fields of investigation, highlighting the ecological relevance of unexplored sources of phenotypic variability and hopefully inspiring functional trait ecologists and evolutionary biologists to begin exploring new questions at the intersection of their fields. This study was financially supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GACR 20-13637S) and the institutional research project RVO 67985939. J.P. was funded by grant FJC2020-042954-I by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 & ‘European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR’ and by the Irish Research Council Laureate Awards 2017/2018 (IRCLA/2017/60) to Yvonne Buckley. E.B. was funded by the ERC Consolidator grant (BUNGEE 725701) of the European Union. F.d.B. was supported by the Plan Nacional de I+D+i (project PGC2018-099027-B-I00), M.T. was financially supported by the University Research Priority Programme (URPP) Evolution in Action and the European Commission (PITN-GA-2013-608422–IDP BRIDGES). Peer reviewed

Six months of stratospheric aerosol observations with the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EAR LINET) from August 2017 to January 2018 are presented. The decay phase of an unprecedented, record-breaking stratospheric perturbation caused by wildfire smoke is re ported and discussed in terms of geometrical, optical, and mi crophysical aerosol properties. Enormous amounts of smoke were injected into the upper troposphere and lower strato sphere over fire areas in western Canada on 12 August 2017 during strong thunderstorm???pyrocumulonimbus activ ity. The stratospheric fire plumes spread over the entire Northern Hemisphere in the following weeks and months. Twenty-eight European lidar stations from northern Norway to southern Portugal and the eastern Mediterranean moni tored the strong stratospheric perturbation on a continental scale. The main smoke layer (over central, western, south ern, and eastern Europe) was found at heights between 15 and 20 km since September 2017 (about 2 weeks after en tering the stratosphere). Thin layers of smoke were detected at heights of up to 22???23 km. The stratospheric aerosol op tical thickness at 532 nm decreased from values > 0.25 on 21???23 August 2017 to 0.005???0.03 until 5???10 September and was mainly 0.003???0.004 from October to December 2017 and thus was still significantly above the stratospheric back ground (0.001???0.002). Stratospheric particle extinction co efficients (532 nm) were as high as 50???200 Mm???1 until the beginning of September and on the order of 1 Mm???1 (0.5??? 5 Mm???1 ) from October 2017 until the end of January 2018. The corresponding layer mean particle mass concentration was on the order of 0.05???0.5 ??g m???3 over these months. Soot particles (light-absorbing carbonaceous particles) are effi cient ice-nucleating particles (INPs) at upper tropospheric (cirrus) temperatures and available to influence cirrus for mation when entering the tropopause from above. We esti mated INP concentrations of 50???500 L???1 until the first days in September and afterwards 5???50 L???1 until the end of the year 2017 in the lower stratosphere for typical cirrus for mation temperatures of ???55 ???C and an ice supersaturation level of 1.15. The measured profiles of the particle linear depolarization ratio indicated a predominance of nonspher ical smoke particles. The 532 nm depolarization ratio de creased slowly with time in the main smoke layer from val ues of 0.15???0.25 (August???September) to values of 0.05???0.10 (October???November) and < 0.05 (December???January). The decrease of the depolarization ratio is consistent with aging of the smoke particles, growing of a coating around the solid black carbon core (aggregates), and thus change of the shape towards a spherical form. We found ascending aerosol layer features over the most southern European stations, especially over the eastern Mediterranean at 32???35??? N, that ascended from heights of about 18???19 to 22???23 km from the beginning of October to the beginning of December 2017 (about 2 km per month). We discuss several transport and lifting mech anisms that may have had an impact on the found aerosol layering structures

Objective: This study examines the role of changes in paid work and housework time on first-time mothers' and fathers' mental health trajectories. Background: The transition into parenthood is a key life course event with important consequences for individuals' activity pat-terns and couples' division of labor. Yet, whether gendered shifts in paid and domestic work time are linked to men's and women's mental health during the transition to parenthood remains unclear. Method: Using large-scale panel data from the Australian HILDA survey for men and women in different-sex couples (2002-2022; N = 5932), we apply a longitudinal mediation framework with fixed effects models to determine the extent to which mental health trajectories are affected by changes in paid work and housework hours across the first transition into parenthood, considering both individual and partner-relative contributions. Results: Individual and partner-relative paid work hours are positively associated with mental health for both men and women, while individual housework hours negatively impact only women. Following parenthood, women experience substantial reductions in paid work and increases in housework hours, but men's time use stays unchanged. Accordingly, despite overall improvements in women's mental health trajectories, findings show that these parenthood-related changes in time allocations suppress some of the positive effects of childbearing for women, whereas men remain unaffected. Conclusion: The transition to parenthood markedly reinforces gendered time use patterns in paid work and housework within couples, with disadvantageous shifts for women that result in small reductions in first-time mothers' mental health trajectories.The potential factors underlying these findings are discussed.

In this paper we examine key principles of visual mediators and endorsed narratives as relating to the commognitive approach. We apply these concepts to the analysis of teaching in a bilingual undergraduate mathematics context. A central focus is on the lecturer's communicative practices and ways of facilitating discursive shifts (colloquial to literate), while examining which language(s) this occurs in. The findings suggest that the use of graphs as well as accompanying gestures, deictic expressions and symbols substantiate the claims about functions that the lecturer is making. The primary language of communication was Irish, establishing an expectation of utilising Irish when engaged in mathematical narratives relating to functions. English was utilised (with Irish) to clarify meaning, primarily when a discursive shift from an object to meta-level discourse was being established.

Mes recherches portent principalement sur l'étude des relations structure-propriété dans le domaine de la matière molle dans différents milieux tels que le massif, la solution ainsi que les films minces. En particulier, j'ai développé mon activité de recherche scientifique en interne, en menant des expériences de diffusion de la lumière à la fois en mode transmission et en mode angle rasant, en combinaison avec plusieurs spectroscopies et techniques mécaniques dans le domaine des polymères comme la cristallisation des polymères, les polymères supramoléculaires auto-assemblés, les systèmes polymères fonctionnels avancés et les systèmes hybrides métal-organiques. En tant que chercheur travaillant sur une infrastructure scientifique de pointe (ESRF), j'ai acquis des connaissances exceptionnelles à la pointe de l'instrumentation des rayons X et j'ai ainsi bénéficié d'une interaction étroite avec les groupes de recherche les plus éminents en science des matériaux, en particulier la matière condensée molle, aux Pays-Bas et en Europe. Cela m'a encouragé à développer de nouveaux environnements d'échantillonnage et à réaliser des expériences de pointe en matière de rayons X en combinaison avec plusieurs autres techniques dans le domaine de la matière molle, telles que la microscopie, la calorimétrie, la spectroscopie et la rhéologie. Actuellement, j'ai concentré mes recherches sur le développement et la caractérisation de nouveaux copolymères blocs de biosourcés avec des blocs biocompatibles. Les nouveaux biopolymères avancés sont des candidats idéaux pour des applications dans des domaines vitaux du domaine biomédical ou pharmaceutique lorsqu'ils sont associés à des médicaments et à des nanoparticules métalliques clés. The main focus of my research is the study of the structure-property relationships in the soft matter area in different medium such as bulk, solution as well as thin films. Particularly, I have developed my scientific in-house research activity, conducting scattering experiments both in transmission and grazing angle mode, in combination with several spectroscopies and mechanical techniques in the polymeric field such as polymer crystallization, self-assembled supramolecular polymers, advanced functional polymeric systems and metal-organic hybrid systems. As a researcher working on a leading scientific infrastructure (ESRF), I have acquired an outstanding knowledge at the forefront of X-ray instrumentation and thus, I have benefited from close interaction with the most prominent research groups in materials science, specifically soft condensed matter, in the Netherlands and Europe. This has encouraged me to develop novel sample environments and performed cutting edge X-ray experiments in combination with several other leading techniques in a soft matter such as microscopy, calorimetry, spectroscopy, rheology. Currently, I have focused my research on the development and characterization of novel biosource block-copolymers with biocompatible blocks. Novel advanced biopolymers are ideal candidates with applications in vital areas of the biomedical or pharmaceutical field when coupled with drugs and key metallic nanoparticles.

Formal transformations somehow resembling the usual derivative are surprisingly common in computer science, with two notable examples being derivatives of regular expressions and derivatives of types. A newcomer to this list is the incremental $\lambda$-calculus, or ILC, a "theory of changes" that deploys a formal apparatus allowing the automatic generation of efficient update functions which perform incremental computation. The ILC is not only defined, but given a formal machine-understandable definition---accompanied by mechanically verifiable proofs of various properties, including in particular correctness of various sorts. Here, we show how the ILC can be mutated into propagating tangents, thus serving as a model of Forward Accumulation Mode Automatic Differentiation. This mutation is done in several steps. These steps can also be applied to the proofs, resulting in machine-checked proofs of the correctness of this model of forward AD. Comment: Extended abstract presented at the AD 2016 Conference, Sep 2016, Oxford UK

The ZTF SN Ia Data Release 2 provides a perfect opportunity to perform a thorough search for, and subsequent analysis of, high-velocity components in the Si II $\lambda$6355 feature in the pre-peak regime. The source of such features remains unclear, with potential origins in circumstellar material or density/abundance enhancements intrinsic to the SN ejecta. Therefore, they may provide clues to the elusive progenitor and explosion scenarios of SNe Ia. We employ a MCMC fitting method followed by BIC testing to classify single and double Si II $\lambda$6355 components in the DR2. The detection efficiency of our classification method is investigated through the fitting of simulated features, allowing us to place cuts upon spectral quality required for reliable classification. These simulations were also used to perform an analysis of the recovered parameter uncertainties and potential biases in the measurements. Within the 329 spectra sample that we investigate, we identify 85 spectra exhibiting Si II $\lambda$6355 HVFs. We find that HVFs decrease in strength with phase relative to their photospheric counterparts - however, this decrease can occur at different phases for different objects. HVFs with larger velocity separations from the photosphere are seen to fade earlier leaving only the double components with smaller separations as we move towards maximum light. Our findings suggest that around three quarters of SN Ia spectra before -11 d show high-velocity components in the Si II $\lambda$6355 with this dropping to around one third in the six days before maximum light. We observe no difference between the populations of SNe Ia that do and do not form Si II $\lambda$6355 HVFs in terms of SALT2 light-curve parameter x1, peak magnitude, decline rate, host mass, or host colour, supporting the idea that these features are ubiquitous across the SN Ia population. Comment: 28 pages, 20 figures

The proliferation of fake news and filter bubbles makes it increasingly difficult to form an unbiased, balanced opinion towards a topic. To ameliorate this, we propose 360{\deg} Stance Detection, a tool that aggregates news with multiple perspectives on a topic. It presents them on a spectrum ranging from support to opposition, enabling the user to base their opinion on multiple pieces of diverse evidence. Comment: Proceedings of NAACL-HLT 2018: System Demonstrations

We extend the method of adiabatic regularization by introducing an arbitrary parameter $\mu$ for a scalar field with quartic self-coupling in a Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime at one-loop order. The subtraction terms constructed from this extended version allow us to define a preferred vacuum state at a fixed time $\eta = \eta_0$ for this theory. We compute this vacuum state for two commonly used background fields in cosmology. We also give a possible prescription for an adequate value for $\mu$.